summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/driverlib/flash.c
blob: 9832890a6ab4a2630fc28884b04de1fa48f2a7e9 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
//*****************************************************************************
//
// flash.c - Driver for programming the on-chip flash.
//
// Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Texas Instruments Incorporated.  All rights reserved.
// Software License Agreement
// 
//   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
//   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
//   are met:
// 
//   Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// 
//   Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//   documentation and/or other materials provided with the  
//   distribution.
// 
//   Neither the name of Texas Instruments Incorporated nor the names of
//   its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
//   from this software without specific prior written permission.
// 
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// 
// This is part of revision 9453 of the Stellaris Peripheral Driver Library.
//
//*****************************************************************************

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! \addtogroup flash_api
//! @{
//
//*****************************************************************************

#include "inc/hw_flash.h"
#include "inc/hw_ints.h"
#include "inc/hw_sysctl.h"
#include "inc/hw_types.h"
#include "driverlib/debug.h"
#include "driverlib/flash.h"
#include "driverlib/interrupt.h"

//*****************************************************************************
//
// An array that maps the specified memory bank to the appropriate Flash
// Memory Protection Program Enable (FMPPE) register.
//
//*****************************************************************************
static const unsigned long g_pulFMPPERegs[] =
{
    FLASH_FMPPE,
    FLASH_FMPPE1,
    FLASH_FMPPE2,
    FLASH_FMPPE3
};

//*****************************************************************************
//
// An array that maps the specified memory bank to the appropriate Flash
// Memory Protection Read Enable (FMPRE) register.
//
//*****************************************************************************
static const unsigned long g_pulFMPRERegs[] =
{
    FLASH_FMPRE,
    FLASH_FMPRE1,
    FLASH_FMPRE2,
    FLASH_FMPRE3
};

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Gets the number of processor clocks per micro-second.
//!
//! This function returns the number of clocks per micro-second, as presently
//! known by the flash controller. This function is only valid on Sandstorm-
//! and Fury-class devices.
//!
//! \return Returns the number of processor clocks per micro-second.
//
//*****************************************************************************
unsigned long
FlashUsecGet(void)
{
    //
    // Return the number of clocks per micro-second.
    //
    return(HWREG(FLASH_USECRL) + 1);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Sets the number of processor clocks per micro-second.
//!
//! \param ulClocks is the number of processor clocks per micro-second.
//!
//! This function is used to tell the flash controller the number of processor
//! clocks per micro-second.  This value must be programmed correctly or the
//! flash most likely will not program correctly; it has no affect on reading
//! flash. This function is only valid on Sandstorm- and Fury-class devices.
//!
//! \return None.
//
//*****************************************************************************
void
FlashUsecSet(unsigned long ulClocks)
{
    //
    // Set the number of clocks per micro-second.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_USECRL) = ulClocks - 1;
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Erases a block of flash.
//!
//! \param ulAddress is the start address of the flash block to be erased.
//!
//! This function erases a 1-kB block of the on-chip flash.  After erasing,
//! the block is filled with 0xFF bytes.  Read-only and execute-only blocks
//! cannot be erased.
//!
//! This function does not return until the block has been erased.
//!
//! \return Returns 0 on success, or -1 if an invalid block address was
//! specified or the block is write-protected.
//
//*****************************************************************************
long
FlashErase(unsigned long ulAddress)
{
    //
    // Check the arguments.
    //
    ASSERT(!(ulAddress & (FLASH_ERASE_SIZE - 1)));

    //
    // Clear the flash access and error interrupts.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FCMISC) = (FLASH_FCMISC_AMISC | FLASH_FCMISC_VOLTMISC |
                           FLASH_FCMISC_ERMISC);

    //
    // Erase the block.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FMA) = ulAddress;
    HWREG(FLASH_FMC) = FLASH_FMC_WRKEY | FLASH_FMC_ERASE;

    //
    // Wait until the block has been erased.
    //
    while(HWREG(FLASH_FMC) & FLASH_FMC_ERASE)
    {
    }

    //
    // Return an error if an access violation or erase error occurred.
    //
    if(HWREG(FLASH_FCRIS) & (FLASH_FCRIS_ARIS | FLASH_FCRIS_VOLTRIS |
                             FLASH_FCRIS_ERRIS))
    {
        return(-1);
    }

    //
    // Success.
    //
    return(0);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Programs flash.
//!
//! \param pulData is a pointer to the data to be programmed.
//! \param ulAddress is the starting address in flash to be programmed.  Must
//! be a multiple of four.
//! \param ulCount is the number of bytes to be programmed.  Must be a multiple
//! of four.
//!
//! This function programs a sequence of words into the on-chip flash.
//! Each word in a page of flash can only be programmed one time between an
//! erase of that page; programming a word multiple times results in an
//! unpredictable value in that word of flash.
//!
//! Because the flash is programmed one word at a time, the starting address
//! and byte count must both be multiples of four.  It is up to the caller to
//! verify the programmed contents, if such verification is required.
//!
//! This function does not return until the data has been programmed.
//!
//! \return Returns 0 on success, or -1 if a programming error is encountered.
//
//*****************************************************************************
long
FlashProgram(unsigned long *pulData, unsigned long ulAddress,
             unsigned long ulCount)
{
    //
    // Check the arguments.
    //
    ASSERT(!(ulAddress & 3));
    ASSERT(!(ulCount & 3));

    //
    // Clear the flash access and error interrupts.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FCMISC) = (FLASH_FCMISC_AMISC | FLASH_FCMISC_VOLTMISC |
                           FLASH_FCMISC_INVDMISC | FLASH_FCMISC_PROGMISC);

    //
    // See if this device has a write buffer.
    //
    if(HWREG(SYSCTL_NVMSTAT) & SYSCTL_NVMSTAT_FWB)
    {
        //
        // Loop over the words to be programmed.
        //
        while(ulCount)
        {
            //
            // Set the address of this block of words.
            //
            HWREG(FLASH_FMA) = ulAddress & ~(0x7f);

            //
            // Loop over the words in this 32-word block.
            //
            while(((ulAddress & 0x7c) || (HWREG(FLASH_FWBVAL) == 0)) &&
                  (ulCount != 0))
            {
                //
                // Write this word into the write buffer.
                //
                HWREG(FLASH_FWBN + (ulAddress & 0x7c)) = *pulData++;
                ulAddress += 4;
                ulCount -= 4;
            }

            //
            // Program the contents of the write buffer into flash.
            //
            HWREG(FLASH_FMC2) = FLASH_FMC2_WRKEY | FLASH_FMC2_WRBUF;

            //
            // Wait until the write buffer has been programmed.
            //
            while(HWREG(FLASH_FMC2) & FLASH_FMC2_WRBUF)
            {
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        //
        // Loop over the words to be programmed.
        //
        while(ulCount)
        {
            //
            // Program the next word.
            //
            HWREG(FLASH_FMA) = ulAddress;
            HWREG(FLASH_FMD) = *pulData;
            HWREG(FLASH_FMC) = FLASH_FMC_WRKEY | FLASH_FMC_WRITE;

            //
            // Wait until the word has been programmed.
            //
            while(HWREG(FLASH_FMC) & FLASH_FMC_WRITE)
            {
            }

            //
            // Increment to the next word.
            //
            pulData++;
            ulAddress += 4;
            ulCount -= 4;
        }
    }

    //
    // Return an error if an access violation occurred.
    //
    if(HWREG(FLASH_FCRIS) & (FLASH_FCRIS_ARIS | FLASH_FCRIS_VOLTRIS |
                             FLASH_FCRIS_INVDRIS | FLASH_FCRIS_PROGRIS))
    {
        return(-1);
    }

    //
    // Success.
    //
    return(0);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Gets the protection setting for a block of flash.
//!
//! \param ulAddress is the start address of the flash block to be queried.
//!
//! This function gets the current protection for the specified 2-kB block
//! of flash.  Each block can be read/write, read-only, or execute-only.
//! Read/write blocks can be read, executed, erased, and programmed.  Read-only
//! blocks can be read and executed.  Execute-only blocks can only be executed;
//! processor and debugger data reads are not allowed.
//!
//! \return Returns the protection setting for this block.  See
//! FlashProtectSet() for possible values.
//
//*****************************************************************************
tFlashProtection
FlashProtectGet(unsigned long ulAddress)
{
    unsigned long ulFMPRE, ulFMPPE;
    unsigned long ulBank;

    //
    // Check the argument.
    //
    ASSERT(!(ulAddress & (FLASH_PROTECT_SIZE - 1)));

    //
    // Calculate the Flash Bank from Base Address, and mask off the Bank
    // from ulAddress for subsequent reference.
    //
    ulBank = (((ulAddress / FLASH_PROTECT_SIZE) / 32) % 4);
    ulAddress &= ((FLASH_PROTECT_SIZE * 32) - 1);

    //
    // Read the appropriate flash protection registers for the specified
    // flash bank.
    //
    ulFMPRE = HWREG(g_pulFMPRERegs[ulBank]);
    ulFMPPE = HWREG(g_pulFMPPERegs[ulBank]);

    //
    // For Stellaris Sandstorm-class devices, revision C1 and C2, the upper
    // bits of the FMPPE register are used for JTAG protect options, and are
    // not available for the FLASH protection scheme.  When Querying Block
    // Protection, assume these bits are 1.
    //
    if(CLASS_IS_SANDSTORM && (REVISION_IS_C1 || REVISION_IS_C2))
    {
        ulFMPRE |= (FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_31 | FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_30);
    }

    //
    // Check the appropriate protection bits for the block of memory that
    // is specified by the address.
    //
    switch((((ulFMPRE >> (ulAddress / FLASH_PROTECT_SIZE)) &
             FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0) << 1) |
           ((ulFMPPE >> (ulAddress / FLASH_PROTECT_SIZE)) & FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0))
    {
        //
        // This block is marked as execute only (that is, it can not be erased
        // or programmed, and the only reads allowed are via the instruction
        // fetch interface).
        //
        case 0:
        case 1:
        {
            return(FlashExecuteOnly);
        }

        //
        // This block is marked as read only (that is, it can not be erased or
        // programmed).
        //
        case 2:
        {
            return(FlashReadOnly);
        }

        //
        // This block is read/write; it can be read, erased, and programmed.
        //
        case 3:
        default:
        {
            return(FlashReadWrite);
        }
    }
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Sets the protection setting for a block of flash.
//!
//! \param ulAddress is the start address of the flash block to be protected.
//! \param eProtect is the protection to be applied to the block.  Can be one
//! of \b FlashReadWrite, \b FlashReadOnly, or \b FlashExecuteOnly.
//!
//! This function sets the protection for the specified 2-kB block of
//! flash.  Blocks that are read/write can be made read-only or execute-only.
//! Blocks that are read-only can be made execute-only.  Blocks that are
//! execute-only cannot have their protection modified.  Attempts to make the
//! block protection less stringent (that is, read-only to read/write)
//! result in a failure (and are prevented by the hardware).
//!
//! Changes to the flash protection are maintained only until the next reset.
//! This protocol allows the application to be executed in the desired flash
//! protection environment to check for inappropriate flash access (via the
//! flash interrupt).  To make the flash protection permanent, use the
//! FlashProtectSave() function.
//!
//! \return Returns 0 on success, or -1 if an invalid address or an invalid
//! protection was specified.
//
//*****************************************************************************
long
FlashProtectSet(unsigned long ulAddress, tFlashProtection eProtect)
{
    unsigned long ulProtectRE, ulProtectPE;
    unsigned long ulBank;

    //
    // Check the argument.
    //
    ASSERT(!(ulAddress & (FLASH_PROTECT_SIZE - 1)));
    ASSERT((eProtect == FlashReadWrite) || (eProtect == FlashReadOnly) ||
           (eProtect == FlashExecuteOnly));

    //
    // Convert the address into a block number.
    //
    ulAddress /= FLASH_PROTECT_SIZE;

    //
    // ulAddress contains a "raw" block number.  Derive the Flash Bank from
    // the "raw" block number, and convert ulAddress to a "relative"
    // block number.
    //
    ulBank = ((ulAddress / 32) % 4);
    ulAddress %= 32;

    //
    // Get the current protection for the specified flash bank.
    //
    ulProtectRE = HWREG(g_pulFMPRERegs[ulBank]);
    ulProtectPE = HWREG(g_pulFMPPERegs[ulBank]);

    //
    // For Stellaris Sandstorm-class devices, revision C1 and C2, the upper
    // bits of the FMPPE register are used for JTAG protect options, and are
    // not available for the FLASH protection scheme.  When setting protection,
    // check to see if block 30 or 31 and protection is FlashExecuteOnly.  If
    // so, return an error condition.
    //
    if(CLASS_IS_SANDSTORM && (REVISION_IS_C1 || REVISION_IS_C2))
    {
        if((ulAddress >= 30) && (eProtect == FlashExecuteOnly))
        {
            return(-1);
        }
    }

    //
    // Set the protection based on the requested proection.
    //
    switch(eProtect)
    {
        //
        // Make this block execute only.
        //
        case FlashExecuteOnly:
        {
            //
            // Turn off the read and program bits for this block.
            //
            ulProtectRE &= ~(FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0 << ulAddress);
            ulProtectPE &= ~(FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0 << ulAddress);

            //
            // We're done handling this protection.
            //
            break;
        }

        //
        // Make this block read only.
        //
        case FlashReadOnly:
        {
            //
            // The block can not be made read only if it is execute only.
            //
            if(((ulProtectRE >> ulAddress) & FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0) !=
               FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0)
            {
                return(-1);
            }

            //
            // Make this block read only.
            //
            ulProtectPE &= ~(FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0 << ulAddress);

            //
            // We're done handling this protection.
            //
            break;
        }

        //
        // Make this block read/write.
        //
        case FlashReadWrite:
        default:
        {
            //
            // The block can not be made read/write if it is not already
            // read/write.
            //
            if((((ulProtectRE >> ulAddress) & FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0) !=
                FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0) ||
               (((ulProtectPE >> ulAddress) & FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0) !=
                FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_0))
            {
                return(-1);
            }

            //
            // The block is already read/write, so there is nothing to do.
            //
            return(0);
        }
    }

    //
    // For Stellaris Sandstorm-class devices, revision C1 and C2, the upper
    // bits of the FMPPE register are used for JTAG options, and are not
    // available for the FLASH protection scheme.  When setting block
    // protection, ensure that these bits are not altered.
    //
    if(CLASS_IS_SANDSTORM && (REVISION_IS_C1 || REVISION_IS_C2))
    {
        ulProtectRE &= ~(FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_31 | FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_30);
        ulProtectRE |= (HWREG(g_pulFMPRERegs[ulBank]) &
                        (FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_31 | FLASH_FMP_BLOCK_30));
    }

    //
    // Set the new protection for the specified flash bank.
    //
    HWREG(g_pulFMPRERegs[ulBank]) = ulProtectRE;
    HWREG(g_pulFMPPERegs[ulBank]) = ulProtectPE;

    //
    // Success.
    //
    return(0);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Saves the flash protection settings.
//!
//! This function makes the currently programmed flash protection settings
//! permanent.  On some devices, this operation is non-reversible; a chip reset
//! or power cycle does not change the flash protection.
//!
//! This function does not return until the protection has been saved.
//!
//! \return Returns 0 on success, or -1 if a hardware error is encountered.
//
//*****************************************************************************
long
FlashProtectSave(void)
{
    unsigned long ulTemp, ulLimit;

    //
    // If running on a Sandstorm-class device, only trigger a save of the first
    // two protection registers (FMPRE and FMPPE).  Otherwise, save the
    // entire bank of flash protection registers.
    //
    ulLimit = CLASS_IS_SANDSTORM ? 2 : 8;
    for(ulTemp = 0; ulTemp < ulLimit; ulTemp++)
    {
        //
        // Tell the flash controller to write the flash protection register.
        //
        HWREG(FLASH_FMA) = ulTemp;
        HWREG(FLASH_FMC) = FLASH_FMC_WRKEY | FLASH_FMC_COMT;

        //
        // Wait until the write has completed.
        //
        while(HWREG(FLASH_FMC) & FLASH_FMC_COMT)
        {
        }
    }

    //
    // Success.
    //
    return(0);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Gets the user registers.
//!
//! \param pulUser0 is a pointer to the location to store USER Register 0.
//! \param pulUser1 is a pointer to the location to store USER Register 1.
//!
//! This function reads the contents of user registers (0 and 1), and
//! stores them in the specified locations.
//!
//! \return Returns 0 on success, or -1 if a hardware error is encountered.
//
//*****************************************************************************
long
FlashUserGet(unsigned long *pulUser0, unsigned long *pulUser1)
{
    //
    // Verify that the pointers are valid.
    //
    ASSERT(pulUser0 != 0);
    ASSERT(pulUser1 != 0);

    //
    // Verify that hardware supports user registers.
    //
    if(CLASS_IS_SANDSTORM)
    {
        return(-1);
    }

    //
    // Get and store the current value of the user registers.
    //
    *pulUser0 = HWREG(FLASH_USERREG0);
    *pulUser1 = HWREG(FLASH_USERREG1);

    //
    // Success.
    //
    return(0);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Sets the user registers.
//!
//! \param ulUser0 is the value to store in USER Register 0.
//! \param ulUser1 is the value to store in USER Register 1.
//!
//! This function sets the contents of the user registers (0 and 1) to
//! the specified values.
//!
//! \return Returns 0 on success, or -1 if a hardware error is encountered.
//
//*****************************************************************************
long
FlashUserSet(unsigned long ulUser0, unsigned long ulUser1)
{
    //
    // Verify that hardware supports user registers.
    //
    if(CLASS_IS_SANDSTORM)
    {
        return(-1);
    }

    //
    // Save the new values into the user registers.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_USERREG0) = ulUser0;
    HWREG(FLASH_USERREG1) = ulUser1;

    //
    // Success.
    //
    return(0);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Saves the user registers.
//!
//! This function makes the currently programmed user register settings
//! permanent.  On some devices, this operation is non-reversible; a chip reset
//! or power cycle does not change this setting.
//!
//! This function does not return until the protection has been saved.
//!
//! \return Returns 0 on success, or -1 if a hardware error is encountered.
//
//*****************************************************************************
long
FlashUserSave(void)
{
    //
    // Verify that hardware supports user registers.
    //
    if(CLASS_IS_SANDSTORM)
    {
        return(-1);
    }

    //
    // Setting the MSB of FMA will trigger a permanent save of a USER
    // register.  Bit 0 will indicate User 0 (0) or User 1 (1).
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FMA) = 0x80000000;
    HWREG(FLASH_FMC) = FLASH_FMC_WRKEY | FLASH_FMC_COMT;

    //
    // Wait until the write has completed.
    //
    while(HWREG(FLASH_FMC) & FLASH_FMC_COMT)
    {
    }

    //
    // Tell the flash controller to write the USER1 Register.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FMA) = 0x80000001;
    HWREG(FLASH_FMC) = FLASH_FMC_WRKEY | FLASH_FMC_COMT;

    //
    // Wait until the write has completed.
    //
    while(HWREG(FLASH_FMC) & FLASH_FMC_COMT)
    {
    }

    //
    // Success.
    //
    return(0);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Registers an interrupt handler for the flash interrupt.
//!
//! \param pfnHandler is a pointer to the function to be called when the flash
//! interrupt occurs.
//!
//! This function sets the handler to be called when the flash interrupt
//! occurs.  The flash controller can generate an interrupt when an invalid
//! flash access occurs, such as trying to program or erase a read-only block,
//! or trying to read from an execute-only block.  It can also generate an
//! interrupt when a program or erase operation has completed.  The interrupt
//! is automatically enabled when the handler is registered.
//!
//! \sa IntRegister() for important information about registering interrupt
//! handlers.
//!
//! \return None.
//
//*****************************************************************************
void
FlashIntRegister(void (*pfnHandler)(void))
{
    //
    // Register the interrupt handler, returning an error if an error occurs.
    //
    IntRegister(INT_FLASH, pfnHandler);

    //
    // Enable the flash interrupt.
    //
    IntEnable(INT_FLASH);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Unregisters the interrupt handler for the flash interrupt.
//!
//! This function clears the handler to be called when the flash interrupt
//! occurs.  This function also masks off the interrupt in the interrupt
//! controller so that the interrupt handler is no longer called.
//!
//! \sa IntRegister() for important information about registering interrupt
//! handlers.
//!
//! \return None.
//
//*****************************************************************************
void
FlashIntUnregister(void)
{
    //
    // Disable the interrupt.
    //
    IntDisable(INT_FLASH);

    //
    // Unregister the interrupt handler.
    //
    IntUnregister(INT_FLASH);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Enables individual flash controller interrupt sources.
//!
//! \param ulIntFlags is a bit mask of the interrupt sources to be enabled.
//! Can be any of the \b FLASH_INT_PROGRAM or \b FLASH_INT_ACCESS values.
//!
//! This function enables the indicated flash controller interrupt sources.
//! Only the sources that are enabled can be reflected to the processor
//! interrupt; disabled sources have no effect on the processor.
//!
//! \return None.
//
//*****************************************************************************
void
FlashIntEnable(unsigned long ulIntFlags)
{
    //
    // Enable the specified interrupts.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FCIM) |= ulIntFlags;
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Disables individual flash controller interrupt sources.
//!
//! \param ulIntFlags is a bit mask of the interrupt sources to be disabled.
//! Can be any of the \b FLASH_INT_PROGRAM or \b FLASH_INT_ACCESS values.
//!
//! This function disables the indicated flash controller interrupt sources.
//! Only the sources that are enabled can be reflected to the processor
//! interrupt; disabled sources have no effect on the processor.
//!
//! \return None.
//
//*****************************************************************************
void
FlashIntDisable(unsigned long ulIntFlags)
{
    //
    // Disable the specified interrupts.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FCIM) &= ~(ulIntFlags);
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Gets the current interrupt status.
//!
//! \param bMasked is false if the raw interrupt status is required and true if
//! the masked interrupt status is required.
//!
//! This function returns the interrupt status for the flash controller.
//! Either the raw interrupt status or the status of interrupts that are
//! allowed to reflect to the processor can be returned.
//!
//! \return The current interrupt status, enumerated as a bit field of
//! \b FLASH_INT_PROGRAM and \b FLASH_INT_ACCESS.
//
//*****************************************************************************
unsigned long
FlashIntStatus(tBoolean bMasked)
{
    //
    // Return either the interrupt status or the raw interrupt status as
    // requested.
    //
    if(bMasked)
    {
        return(HWREG(FLASH_FCMISC));
    }
    else
    {
        return(HWREG(FLASH_FCRIS));
    }
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
//! Clears flash controller interrupt sources.
//!
//! \param ulIntFlags is the bit mask of the interrupt sources to be cleared.
//! Can be any of the \b FLASH_INT_PROGRAM or \b FLASH_INT_AMISC values.
//!
//! The specified flash controller interrupt sources are cleared, so that they
//! no longer assert.  This function must be called in the interrupt handler
//! to keep the interrupt from being triggered again immediately upon exit.
//!
//! \note Because there is a write buffer in the Cortex-M processor, it may
//! take several clock cycles before the interrupt source is actually cleared.
//! Therefore, it is recommended that the interrupt source be cleared early in
//! the interrupt handler (as opposed to the very last action) to avoid
//! returning from the interrupt handler before the interrupt source is
//! actually cleared.  Failure to do so may result in the interrupt handler
//! being immediately reentered (because the interrupt controller still sees
//! the interrupt source asserted).
//!
//! \return None.
//
//*****************************************************************************
void
FlashIntClear(unsigned long ulIntFlags)
{
    //
    // Clear the flash interrupt.
    //
    HWREG(FLASH_FCMISC) = ulIntFlags;
}

//*****************************************************************************
//
// Close the Doxygen group.
//! @}
//
//*****************************************************************************