always_safe = ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
               'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
               '0123456789' '_.-')
_safemaps = {}

def quote(s, safe = '/'):
    """quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'

    Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
    different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.

    RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
    the following reserved characters.

    reserved    = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
                  "$" | ","

    Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
    but not necessarily in all of them.

    By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
    section of a URL.  Thus, it will not encode '/'.  This character
    is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
    called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
    reserved characters.
    """
    cachekey = (safe, always_safe)
    try:
        safe_map = _safemaps[cachekey]
    except KeyError:
        safe += always_safe
        safe_map = {}
        for i in range(256):
            c = chr(i)
            safe_map[c] = (c in safe) and c or ('%%%02X' % i)
        _safemaps[cachekey] = safe_map
    res = map(safe_map.__getitem__, s)
    return ''.join(res)

_hextochr = dict(('%02x' % i, chr(i)) for i in range(256))
_hextochr.update(('%02X' % i, chr(i)) for i in range(256))

def unquote(s):
    """unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'."""
    res = s.split('%')
    for i in xrange(1, len(res)):
        item = res[i]
        try:
            res[i] = _hextochr[item[:2]] + item[2:]
        except KeyError:
            res[i] = '%' + item
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            res[i] = unichr(int(item[:2], 16)) + item[2:]
    return "".join(res)

_hostprog = None
def splithost(url):
    """splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'."""
    global _hostprog
    if _hostprog is None:
        import re
        _hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/?]*)(.*)$')

    match = _hostprog.match(url)
    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
    return None, url


_typeprog = None
def splittype(url):
    """splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'."""
    global _typeprog
    if _typeprog is None:
        import re
        _typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')

    match = _typeprog.match(url)
    if match:
        scheme = match.group(1)
        return scheme.lower(), url[len(scheme) + 1:]
    return None, url